Effets d’un programme de travail de type endurance aérobie sur les paramètres anthropométriques, posturaux et physiologiques des étudiants de l’institut national de la jeunesse et des sports de yaoundé

Résumé

Les paramètres anthropométriques et physiologiques à l’effort constituent des éléments déterminants dans la pratique sportive à haut niveau. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer les effets d’un programme de travail de type endurance aérobie sur les paramètres anthropométriques, posturaux et physiologiques des étudiants de l’Institut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS) de Yaoundé. Cent soixante-cinq (165) étudiants ont participé à cette étude, dont 60 de sexe féminin (26,96 ± 4,00 ans) et 105 de sexe masculin (27,32 ± 4,76 ans). Les participants ont été répartis en deux groupes, indépendamment de leur sexe. Un groupe dit faible (Gf) constitué des sujets ayant un VO2 max inférieur ou égal à 23.9 ml/min/kg (n = 116), et un groupe dit moyen (Gm) dont le VO2 max est compris entre 25.8 ml/min/kg et 34.9 ml/min/kg (n = 49). Un programme identique de travail de dix jours a été administré aux deux groupes. Les comparaisons des différents paramètres évalués avant et après le programme de travail, ont montré pour les paramètres anthropométriques, que les deux groupes en ont tiré profit, particulièrement le groupe Gf dont le pourcentage de graisse est passé de 24,08% à 23,16% ( p< 0.001) et son Indice de Masse Corporelle, de 25,01kg/m2 à 24,61kg/m2 (p< 0.001). Pour les paramètres posturaux, les gains de souplesse ont été observés de manière significative dans les deux groupes (p<0,001). Les taux d’augmentation de 8,29% et de 4,63% du VO2 max ont été observés respectivement chez le Gf et chez le Gm. Les améliorations des différents paramètres étudiés restent légères. Une durée plus longue de ce programme d’entrainement, et des exercices appropriés à chaque groupe de travail sont souhaitables pour l’atteinte de meilleurs résultats. Une étude à grande échelle est recommandée pour disposer d’un baromè- tre de l’aptitude physique propre aux étudiants de l’INJS.

Abstract

Anthropometric and physiological parameters are key factors in high-level sports performance. The aim of this study his to evaluate the effects of a work endurance program on the anthropometrics, postural and physiological parameters of students of the National Institute of Youth and Sports (NIYS), Yaounde. One hundred and sixty five (165) student took part in this study including 60 female (26.96 ± 4.00 years old) and 105 male (27.32 ± 4.76 years old). The study was carried out in three (03) phases. (1) Measurement of anthropometrics, postural and physiological parameters. The Luc Leger test was performed to measure maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) of participants and to set up 02 groups. A first group known as weak group (WG) – VO2 max lower or equal to 23.9 ml/min/kg-1 and a second group named average group (AG) – VO2 max between 25.8 ml/min/kg and 34.9 ml/min/kg -. (2): General Physical Preparation protocol. Participants were subjected to GPP based on the fundamental endurance during 10 days. (3) The third phase was carried out under the same conditions as those of the first: the various parameters were re-measured. Anthropometric parameters results shown that the two groups (WG and AG) benefited from this GPP, particularly AG who benefited more than WG (Fatty mass percentage passed from 24.08% to 23.16% in WG against 15.89% to 15.65% in AG; body mass passed from 72.19 kg to 71.05 kg in WG against 69.59kg to 68.35kg in AG). Postural parameters results indicated that the flexibility amelioration were observed in all groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, VO2max increased in the rate of 8.29% and of 4.63% respectively for the WG and AG. The improvements of various studied parameters remain light. An increase in the duration of the GPP and appropriate exercises for each working groups would be indicated. In the other hand, a large scale study is recommended to evaluate the specific physical capacity of the students of the NIYS.

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