Effets d’un programme de travail de type endurance aérobie sur les paramètres anthropométriques, posturaux et physiologiques des étudiants de l’institut national de la jeunesse et des sports de yaoundé
Résumé
Les paramètres anthropométriques et physiologiques à l’effort constituent des éléments déterminants dans la pratique sportive à haut
niveau. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer les effets d’un programme de travail de
type endurance aérobie sur les paramètres anthropométriques, posturaux et physiologiques
des étudiants de l’Institut National de la Jeunesse et des Sports (INJS) de Yaoundé. Cent
soixante-cinq (165) étudiants ont participé à
cette étude, dont 60 de sexe féminin (26,96 ±
4,00 ans) et 105 de sexe masculin (27,32 ±
4,76 ans). Les participants ont été répartis en
deux groupes, indépendamment de leur sexe.
Un groupe dit faible (Gf) constitué des sujets
ayant un VO2 max inférieur ou égal à 23.9
ml/min/kg (n = 116), et un groupe dit moyen
(Gm) dont le VO2 max est compris entre 25.8
ml/min/kg et 34.9 ml/min/kg (n = 49). Un programme identique de travail de dix jours a été
administré aux deux groupes. Les comparaisons des différents paramètres évalués avant et
après le programme de travail, ont montré
pour les paramètres anthropométriques, que
les deux groupes en ont tiré profit, particulièrement le groupe Gf dont le pourcentage de
graisse est passé de 24,08% à 23,16% ( p<
0.001) et son Indice de Masse Corporelle, de
25,01kg/m2 à 24,61kg/m2 (p< 0.001). Pour les
paramètres posturaux, les gains de souplesse
ont été observés de manière significative dans
les deux groupes (p<0,001). Les taux d’augmentation de 8,29% et de 4,63% du VO2 max
ont été observés respectivement chez le Gf et
chez le Gm. Les améliorations des différents
paramètres étudiés restent légères. Une durée
plus longue de ce programme d’entrainement,
et des exercices appropriés à chaque groupe de
travail sont souhaitables pour l’atteinte de
meilleurs résultats. Une étude à grande échelle
est recommandée pour disposer d’un baromè-
tre de l’aptitude physique propre aux étudiants
de l’INJS.
Abstract
Anthropometric and physiological parameters
are key factors in high-level sports performance. The aim of this study his to evaluate the
effects of a work endurance program on the
anthropometrics, postural and physiological
parameters of students of the National Institute
of Youth and Sports (NIYS), Yaounde. One
hundred and sixty five (165) student took part
in this study including 60 female (26.96 ± 4.00
years old) and 105 male (27.32 ± 4.76 years
old). The study was carried out in three (03)
phases. (1) Measurement of anthropometrics,
postural and physiological parameters. The
Luc Leger test was performed to measure
maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) of
participants and to set up 02 groups. A first
group known as weak group (WG) – VO2 max
lower or equal to 23.9 ml/min/kg-1 and a second group named average group (AG) – VO2
max between 25.8 ml/min/kg and 34.9 ml/min/kg -. (2): General Physical Preparation
protocol. Participants were subjected to GPP
based on the fundamental endurance during 10
days. (3) The third phase was carried out under
the same conditions as those of the first: the
various parameters were re-measured. Anthropometric parameters results shown that the
two groups (WG and AG) benefited from this
GPP, particularly AG who benefited more than
WG (Fatty mass percentage passed from
24.08% to 23.16% in WG against 15.89% to
15.65% in AG; body mass passed from 72.19
kg to 71.05 kg in WG against 69.59kg to
68.35kg in AG). Postural parameters results indicated that the flexibility amelioration were
observed in all groups (p < 0.001). Moreover,
VO2max increased in the rate of 8.29% and of
4.63% respectively for the WG and AG. The
improvements of various studied parameters
remain light. An increase in the duration of the
GPP and appropriate exercises for each working groups would be indicated. In the other
hand, a large scale study is recommended to
evaluate the specific physical capacity of the
students of the NIYS.
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Budiman-Mak, E, Conrad, K.J., & Roach, K.E. (1991). The Foot Function Index: a measure of foot pain and disability. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 44(6):561–570.
Chris, M.B., O’Connor, S., Tully, M. A., Rocke, L. G., Macauley, D.C., & McDonough, S.M. (2007). The price design of a randomized controlled trial comparing standard versus cryokinetics ice application in the management of acute ankle sprain. BMC Musculoskeletal disorder, 19, 8; 125.
Denegar, C.R., Saliba, E., & Saliba, S.F. (2009). Therapeutic modalities for musculoskeletal injuries. Champaign, IL: Denegar, C.R., Hertel, J., & Fonseca, J. (2002). The effect of lateral ankle sprain on dorsiflexion range of motion, posterior talar glide and joint laxity. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 32(4):167-173.
Distefano, L.J., Padua, D.A., Brown, C.N., & Guskiewcz, K.M. (2008). Lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces after prophylactic lace-up ankle bracing. Journal of Athletic Training, 43(3):234-41.
Dworkin, R. et al. (2005). Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: immpact recommendations. The Journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain. 113 : 9-19.
Ferreira-Valente, M.A., Pais-Ribeiro, J.L. & Jensen, M.P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain Journal. 152(10) : 399-404.
Fong, D.T.P., Chan,Y., Mok, K., Yung, P.S.H, & Chan, K. (2009). Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. Hertel, J. (2002). Functional anatomy, pathomechanics and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4):304-328.
Injury in sports. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. Kasai, R. (2006) – Current trends in exercise management for chronic low back pain: comparison between strengthening exercise and spinal segmental stabilization exercise Journal of physical therapy science, Vol. 18, No. 1. Knight, K.L. (1989). Cryotherapy in sport injury management. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 4: 163-185.
Lynch, S.A., Renstrom, P.A. (1999). Treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament rupture in the athlete. Conservative versus surgical treatment. Sports Med, 27(1), 61–71.
Nyska, M., Weisel, Y., Halperin, N., Mann, G., & Segal, D. (1999). Controlled mobilization after acute ankle inversion injury. Journal of Sports Traumatology & Related Research, 21(2), 114-120.
Perrin, M, & Guex, J. J. (2000). Edema and Leg. Methods of Assessment. Angiology 51(1):9-12. Ray, F. (2009)- www.emedicine.medscape.com: Acute ankle sprain. 23 juin, 21h. Steffen, K. & Nilstad (2010). Ankle exercise with intermittent ice and compression following an ankle sprain improves function in the short term. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56: 202- 203.
Stiell, I.G., Mcknight, D., Greenberg, G.H., Mcdowell, I., Nair, R.C., Wells, G.A., Johns, C., & Worthington, J.R. (1994). Implementation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules. Journal of American Medical Association. 271 (11): 827- 832.